February 3

de: 3. Februares: 3 de febrero

Events :

  • 1112 - marriage of Ramon Berenguer III of Barcelona and Douce I of Provence, uniting the fortunes of those two states
  • 1377 - more than 2,000 people of the Italian city of Cesena are slaughtered by Papal Troops (Cesena Bloodbath).
  • 1451 - Sultan Mehmed II inherits the throne of the Ottoman Empire.
  • 1488 - Bartolomeu Dias of Portugal lands in Mossel Bay after rounding the Cape of Good Hope at the tip of Africa,
becoming the first known European to travel this far south.
  • 1509 - The Battle of Diu, between Portugal and the Ottoman Empire takes place in Diu, India.
  • 1690 - The colony of Massachusetts issues the first paper money in America.
  • 1706 - Swedish forces defeats a superior Saxon-Russian force by deploying a text book example of a double envelopment during the Battle of Fraustadt.
  • 1783 - American Revolutionary War: Spain recognizes United States independence.
  • 1787 - Shays' Rebellion is crushed, ending an uprising that would prompt negotiations that would result in the drafting of the Constitution of the United States.
  • 1807 - A British military force, under Brig-Gen. Sir Samuel Auchmuty captures the city of Montevideo, then part of the Spanish Empire now capital of Uruguay, following a siege.
  • 1809 - Illinois Territory is created.
  • 1815 - The first commercial cheese factory is founded (Switzerland).
  • 1830 - The sovereignty of Greece was confirmed in a London Protocol.
  • 1834 - The Baptist State Convention of North Carolina establishes the Wake Forest Manual Labor Institute, today known as Wake Forest University.
  • 1867 - Prince Mutshito becomes Emperor Meiji of Japan.
  • 1870 - The Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution ratified, grants voting rights regardless of race.
  • 1900 - Gubernatorial candidate William Goebel is assassinated in Frankfort, Kentucky. Former Secretary of State Caleb Powers was later found guilty in a conspiracy to kill Goebel.
  • 1913 - The Sixteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution ratified, authorizing the Federal government to impose and collect a graduated income tax.
  • 1916 - Parliament buildings in Ottawa, Canada burn down.
  • 1917 - World War I: The United States breaks off diplomatic relations with Germany a day after Germany announces a new policy of unrestricted submarine warfare.
  • 1918 - The Twin Peaks Tunnel begins service as the longest streetcar tunnel in the world at 11,920 feet (3,633 meters) long).
  • 1923 - Alpha Zeta chapter of Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia founded at Pennsylvania State University.
  • 1930 - The Communist Party of Vietnam was born.
  • 1931 - The Napier earthquake, New Zealand's worst natural disaster, kills 258.
  • 1941 - World War II: The Nazis forcibly restore Pierre Laval to office in occupied Vichy, France.
  • 1944 - World War II: United States troops capture the Marshall Islands.
  • 1945 - World War II: Soviet Union agrees to enter the Pacific Theatre conflict against Japan.
  • 1945 - World War II: As part of Operation Thunderclap, 1,000 B-17's of the Eighth Air Force bomb Berlin.
  • 1947 - Percival Prattis becomes the first African American news correspondent allowed in the United States House and Senate press gallery.
  • 1947 - Coldest ever temperature recorded in North America at Snag, Yukon, -63 degrees Celsius (-81.4 Fahrenheit)
  • 1952 - The earliest known tropical storm makes landfall in South Florida.
  • 1957 - Senegalese political party Democratic Rally merges into the Senegalese Party of Socialist Action (PSAS).
  • 1959 - The Day The Music Died: A plane crash kills rock-and-roll performers Buddy Holly, Ritchie Valens, and The Big Bopper.
  • 1966 - The unmanned Soviet Luna 9 spacecraft makes the first controlled rocket-assisted landing on the Moon.
  • 1967 - Ronald Ryan, the last person to be executed in Australia, is hanged in Pentridge Prison, Melbourne.
  • 1969 - In Cairo, Yasser Arafat is appointed Palestine Liberation Organization leader at the Palestinian National Congress.
  • 1974 - Science fiction author Philip K. Dick reportedly has a gnostic religious experience or theophany, later recounted in his books Valis (1981) and Radio Free Albemuth (1985).
  • 1984 - Space Shuttle program: STS-41-B Mission - Astronauts, Bruce McCandless II and Robert L. Stewart make first untethered spacewalks using the Manned Maneuvering Unit.
  • 1988 - Iran-Contra Affair: The United States House of Representatives rejects President Ronald Reagan's request for $36.25 million to aid Nicaraguan Contras.
  • 1989 - After a stroke, P.W. Botha resigns party leadership and the presidency of South Africa.
  • 1989 - A military coup overthrows Alfredo Stroessner, dictator of Paraguay since 1954.
  • 1991 - In Italy, the Italian Communist Party is dissolved, and split into the Democratic Party of the Left and the Communist Refoundation Party.
  • 1997 - Sixth general elections held in Pakistan under 1973 constitution.
  • 1998 - Karla Faye Tucker is executed in Texas becoming the first woman executed in the United States since 1984.
  • 1998 - Cavalese cable-car disaster: a United States Military pilot causes the death of 20 people when his low-flying plane cuts the cable of a cable-car near Trento, Italy.
  • 1999 - In Jammu and Kashmir the political party Democratic Janata Dal (Jammu and Kashmir) is revived.
  • 2004 - Jóannes Eidesgaard becomes Prime Minister of the Faroe Islands.
  • 2007 - The Baghdad market bombing kills at least 135 people and injures a further 339.

    • Births :

    • 1338 - Jeanne de Bourbon, wife of Charles V of France (d. 1378)
    • 1677 - Jan Santini Aichel, Czech architect (d. 1723)
    • 1690 - Richard Rawlinson, English minister (d. 1755)
    • 1721 - Friedrich Wilhelm von Seydlitz, Prussian general (d. 1773)
    • 1747 - Samuel Osgood, American patriot (d. 1813)
    • 1754 - George Crabbe, English naturalist (d. 1832)
    • 1795 - Antonio José de Sucre, South American independence leader (d. 1830)
    • 1807 - Joseph E. Johnston, Confederate general (d. 1891)
    • 1808 - Princess Marie of Saxe-Weimar, Princess of Prussia (d. 1877)
    • 1809 - Felix Mendelssohn, German composer (d. 1847)
    • 1811 - Horace Greeley, American journalist, editor, and publisher (d. 1872)
    • 1817 - Achille Ernest Oscar Joseph Delesse, French geologist (d. 1881)
    • 1821 - Elizabeth Blackwell, American physician (d. 1910)
    • 1830 - Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1903)
    • 1842 - Sidney Lanier, American writer (d. 1881)
    • 1843 - William Cornelius Van Horne, American-born railway pioneer and executive (d. 1915)
    • 1859 - Hugo Junkers, German aircraft designer (d. 1935)
    • 1862 - James Clark McReynolds, American Supreme Court Justice (d. 1946)
    • 1872 - Lou Criger, American baseball player (d. 1934)
    • 1874 - Gertrude Stein, American writer (d. 1946)
    • 1876 - William Tedmarsh, silent movie actor (d. 1937)
    • 1887 - Juan Negrín, Spanish Prime Minister (d. 1956)
    • 1887 - Georg Trakl, Austrian poet (d. 1914)
    • 1893 - Gaston Julia, French mathematician (d. 1978)
    • 1894 - Norman Rockwell, American illustrator (d. 1978)
    • 1898 - Alvar Aalto, Finnish architect (d. 1976)
    • 1899 - Lao She, Chinese writer (d. 1966)
    • 1899 - Joăo Café Filho, Brazilian president (m.1970)
    • 1899 - Doris Speed, English actress (d.1994)
    • 1904 - Luigi Dallapiccola, Italian composer (d. 1975)
    • 1904 - Pretty Boy Floyd, American gangster (d. 1934)
    • 1905 - Arne Beurling, American mathematician(d. 1986)
    • 1907 - James Michener, American author (d. 1997)
    • 1909 - Simone Weil, French philosopher (d. 1943)
    • 1909 - André Cayatte, French filmmaker (d. 1989)
    • 1911 - Robert Earl Jones, American actor (d. 2006)
    • 1911 - Jehan Alain, French organist and composer (d. 1940)
    • 1912 - Jacques Soustelle, French anthropologist (d. 1990)
    • 1913 - Richard Seaman, British racing driver (d. 1939)
    • 1918 - Joey Bishop, American entertainer, member of the Rat Pack (d. 2007)
    • 1918 - Helen Stephens, American runner
    • 1920 - Henry Heimlich, American physician
    • 1920 - Tony Gaze, Australian racing driver
    • 1923 - Alys Robi, Quebec singer
    • 1924 - Martial Asselin, French Canadian politician and lieutenant governor of Quebec
    • 1925 - John Fiedler, American voice actor (d. 2005)
    • 1925 - Keith Dunstan, Australian author and journalist
    • 1925 - Leon Schlumpf, member of the Swiss Federal Council
    • 1926 - Shelley Berman, American comedian
    • 1926 - Hans-Jochen Vogel, German politician
    • 1927 - Val Doonican, Irish singer and entertainer
    • 1927 - Joan Lowery Nixon, American writer (d. 2003)
    • 1927 - Kenneth Anger, American Underground Filmmaker
    • 1930 - Gillian Ayres, English painter
    • 1932 - Peggy Ann Garner, American actress (d. 1984)
    • 1933 - Paul Sarbanes, American politician
    • 1938 - Victor Buono, American actor (d. 1982)
    • 1938 - Emile Griffith, US Virgin Islands professional boxer
    • 1939 - Michael Cimino, American film director
    • 1940 - Fran Tarkenton, American football player
    • 1941 - Neil Bogart, American record executive (d. 1982)
    • 1943 - Blythe Danner, American actress
    • 1943 - Dennis Edwards, American singer (The Temptations)
    • 1943 - Shawn Phillips, American singer, guitarist and songwriter
    • 1944 - Trisha Noble, Australian singer and actress
    • 1945 - Bob Griese, American football player
    • 1945 - Johnny Cymbal, American singer and songwriter (d. 1993)
    • 1947 - Paul Auster, American novelist
    • 1947 - Dave Davies, British musician (The Kinks)
    • 1947 - Melanie Safka, American singer-songwriter
    • 1948 - Carlos Felipe Ximenes Belo, East Timor politician, Nobel Peace laureate
    • 1948 - Henning Mankell, Swedish author
    • 1949 - Hennie Kuiper, Dutch cyclist
    • 1950 - Morgan Fairchild, American actress
    • 1951 - Eugenijus Riabovas, Lithuanian football manager
    • 1952 - Fred Lynn, American baseball player
    • 1953 - Savvas Tsitouridis, Greek politician
    • 1954 - Tiger Williams, Canadian ice hockey players
    • 1955 - Stephen Euin Cobb, American novelist
    • 1955 - Kirsty Wark, British broadcast journalist
    • 1956 - Nathan Lane, American actor
    • 1956 - John Jefferson, American football player
    • 1956 - Lee Ranaldo, American musician (Sonic Youth)
    • 1957 - Chico Serra, Brazilian racing driver
    • 1957 - Steven Stapleton, British musician (Nurse With Wound)
    • 1958 - N. Gregory Mankiw, American economist
    • 1959 - Thomas Calabro, American actor
    • 1959 - Laurence Tolhurst, British musician (The Cure)
    • 1959 - Yasuharu Konishi, Japanese musician (Pizzicato Five)
    • 1960 - Kerry Von Erich, American wrestler (d. 1993)
    • 1961 - Keith Gordon, American actor
    • 1961 - Jay Adams, American skateboarder
    • 1962 - Michele Greene, American actress
    • 1965 - Maura Tierney, American actress
    • 1965 - Karlous Marx Shinohamba, Namibian politician
    • 1967 - Bob Taylor, English footballer
    • 1968 - Vlade Divac, Serbian professional basketball player
    • 1969 - Retief Goosen, professional golfer
    • 1970 - Warwick Davis, British actor
    • 1970 - Oscar Cordoba, Colombian footballer
    • 1971 - Elisa Donovan, American actress
    • 1971 - Sarah Kane, English playwright (d. 1999)
    • 1971 - Hong Seok-cheon, South Korean actor
    • 1971 - Sean Dawkins, former American football wide receiver
    • 1972 - Mart Poom, Estonian football player
    • 1973 - Ilana Sod, Mexican journalist
    • 1974 - Miriam Yeung, Hong Kong actress
    • 1974 - Konrad Gaka, Polish swimmer
    • 1976 - Mathieu Dandenault, Canadian hockey player
    • 1976 - Isla Fisher, Australian actress
    • 1976 - Dwayne Rudd, American football player
    • 1977 - Daddy Yankee , nominated reggaeton singer/rapper.
    • 1978 - Adrian R'Mante, American actor
    • 1978 - Eliza Schneider, American actress and singer
    • 1980 - Sarah Lewitinn, American writer
    • 1981 - Maurice Ross, English footballer
    • 1982 - Jessica Harp, American singer (The Wreckers)
    • 1982 - Alan Gurr, Australian V8 Supercar driver
    • 1983 - Silambarasan Rajendar,famous south Indian actor
    • 1989 - Ryne Sanborn, American actor
    • 1989 - Slobodan Rajkovi, Serbian footballer
    • 1990 - Sean Kingston, American reggae rapper
    • 1991 - Adrian Quaife-Hobbs, British racing driver

    Deaths :

    • 619 - Laurence of Canterbury, 2nd Archbishop of Canterbury
    • 699 - Saint Werburgh
    • 1014 - King Sweyn I of Denmark
    • 1116 - King Coloman of Hungary (b. 1070)
    • 1399 - John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster (b. 1340)
    • 1428 - Ashikaga Yoshimochi, Japanese shogun (b. 1386)
    • 1451 - Murad II, Ottoman Sultan (b. 1404)
    • 1468 - Johannes Gutenberg, German publisher
    • 1566 - George Cassander, Flemish theologian (b. 1513)
    • 1619 - Henry Brooke, 11th Baron Cobham, English conspirator (b. 1564)
    • 1737 - Tommaso Ceva, Italian Mathematician (b. 1648)
    • 1802 - Pedro Rodríguez, Conde de Campomanes, Spanish statesman (b. 1723)
    • 1862 - Jean-Baptiste Biot, French physicist (b. 1774)
    • 1866 - François-Xavier Garneau, French Canadian poet and historian (b. 1809)
    • 1874 - Lunalilo, Hawaiian monarch (b. 1835)
    • 1889 - Belle Starr, American outlaw (b. 1848)
    • 1922 - John Butler Yeats, Northern Irish artist (b. 1839)
    • 1924 - Woodrow Wilson, 28th President of the United States, Nobel laureate (b. 1856)
    • 1929 - Agner Krarup Erlang, Danish scientist (b. 1878)
    • 1935 - Hugo Junkers, German engineer (b. 1859)
    • 1936 - Sophie of Schönburg-Waldenburg, consort of William of Wied, Prince of Albania (b.1885)
    • 1945 - Roland Freisler, Nazi leader (b. 1893)
    • 1947 - Marc Mitscher, American Navy Admiral (b. 1887)
    • 1956 - Émile Borel, French mathematician (b. 1871)
    • 1956 - Johnny Claes, Belgian racing driver (b. 1916)
    • 1959 - Also known as The Day the Music Died because of the deaths of:
    • *Buddy Holly, American singer (b. 1936)
    • *Ritchie Valens, American singer (b. 1941)
    • *J.P. "The Big Bopper" Richardson, American singer (b. 1930)
    • 1960 - Fred Buscaglione, Italian singer and actor (b. 1921)
    • 1964 - Sir Albert Richardson, English architect (b. 1880)
    • 1967 - Joe Meek, English record producer (b. 1929)
    • 1969 - Eduardo Mondlane Mozambique independence founder (b. 1920)
    • 1975 - Umm Kulthum, Egyptian singer (b. 1904)
    • 1985 - Frank Oppenheimer, American physicist (b. 1912)
    • 1988 - Birdman, Smile Giver
    • 1989 - John Cassavetes, American actor (b. 1929)
    • 1989 - Lionel Newman, American movie music orchestra leader, composer and arranger (b. 1916)
    • 1991 - Harry Ackerman, American TV executive producer (b. 1912)
    • 1991 - Nancy Kulp, American actress (b. 1921)
    • 1993 - Paul Emery, British racing driver (b. 1916)
    • 1996 - Audrey Meadows, American actress (b. 1926)
    • 1998 - Karla Faye Tucker, American murderer (b. 1959)
    • 2000 - Richard Kleindienst, American politician (b. 1923)
    • 2003 - Lana Clarkson, American actress (b. 1962)
    • 2004 - Jason Raize, American musical theatre actor (b. 1975)
    • 2005 - Corrado Cardinal Bafile, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1903)
    • 2005 - Ernst Mayr, German-born biologist (b. 1904)
    • 2005 - Zurab Zhvania, Prime Minister of Georgia (b. 1963)
    • 2006 - Al Lewis, American actor (b. 1923)
    • 2007 - Pedro Knight, Cuban-American musician, husband of legendary singer Celia Cruz (b. 1921)
    • 2007 - Ralph de Toledano, Moroccan-born American political columnist and author (b. 1916)
    • 2007 - George Becker, American president of United Steelworkers (19932001) (b. 1928)

    Holidays and observances :

    liturgical feasts :

    • Saint Blaise, Catholics visit churches to have their throats blessed.
    • Aaron the Illustrious, saint of the Syriac Orthodox Church*Holweck, F. G. A Biographical Dictionary of the Saint. St. Louis, MO: B. Herder Book Co. 1924.
    • Saint Ansgar, patron saint of Denmark
    • Saint Hadelin
    • Saint Werburgh
    • Balázs-napja
    • Saint Berlindis
    • Saint Nona and Saint Celsa
    • * February 3 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)

    References :

    External links :